There are 2 things that are commonly tested, GH and TDS.
GH or general hardness is a measure of dissolved mineral content in the water, there are test kits for that (ie. API GH Test). Generally most people try to keep it around 4°-8°... can be slightly more or less is okay, as long as its not like 0° or something oddly high like 20°.
If GH is too low, you can add in mineral supplements designed for shrimp keeping or add mineral rocks for shrimps which slowly release beneficial minerals into the tank. If GH is too high, then have to do water changes with low GH water (ie. distilled, RO/DO water) to slowly bring it lower, and also check that there are no calcareous rocks or other items leaching excessive minerals into the tank.
TDS or total dissolved solids is a measure of everything in the water (incl. minerals, nutrients, chemicals etc), there are electronic TDS meters available from various LFS or online stores. TDS is more for how well the shrimps can adapt to your tank conditions. For example, if they lived their whole lives in a tank with a lower TDS and your tank has much higher TDS (or vice versa), then you'll need to take extra care to acclimate them more gradually to your tank conditions.
Most people don't usually test those parameters though, sometimes the tank conditions are already okay and the shrimp can adapt well and thrive. It usually more for those who are keeping expensive (aka sensitive) shrimps... or for those who notice their shrimps keep dying and they become the LFS "best repeat customer" every week.
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