It is actually a balance of lighting and CO2 and nutrients in order for your plants to grow well. If you want to increase the intensity of your lights..you will need to increase the amount of CO2 as too much light and shortage of CO2 can do more harm to your plants than good.
For calculating your wattage/gallon..some people minus away the substrate for obtaining the volume...for me..I just take the whole tank. Its actually all up to yourself as many people have their own opinions. (Tip..use an external reactor for better CO2 diffusion..no parts of the tank is in shortage from my experience after changing from diffuser to that.)
Plant Physiology by Taiz and Zeiger
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