I will try to answer some questions quickly before sleep overcomes me.... (it's way past my bedtime!)
I think the potted plants are enclosed in rockwool, while those planted in the ground enjoy a mix clayish and gravelly substrate (the kind found everywhere in the tropics).
Plant density appears to be high for non-potted plants, but it's no surprise given the optimum growth conditions. I am not sure how they tackle algae, but since most plants are emmersed, it isn't an issue. The submersed plants appear to be relatively algae-free. No signs of BBA.
Some plant species do not have emerged forms, so must be grown underwater. I don't think farms try to acclimitise emerged growth forms into underwater forms before selling them.... the hobbyist can easily do that.
Sunlight is sufficient and free.... the temperature is 25-33C throughout the year. I think in Israel, heating and lighting may need to be supplemented in the winter months.
No CO2 system is visible. I think the outdoor tanks/vats for submerged plants are large enough such that natural CO2 diffusion is sufficient for the plants. They are essentially similar to natural ponds. I think the water used for irrigation is fairly nutrient rich.
Plants are shipped dry (actually damp) in plastic bags (with no standing water). This keeps them light (for shipping) and prevents rot. I don't think the plants are "hardened". They are flown directly to the destination country and sent to shops.
I don't know about the financial aspects of farms. My guess is that the owners prefer to keep this private.
zzzzzzz
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