My view on this is that it is not really the villagers are not really at fault, but rather the large industries that resides by or close to the river and taps on its limited resources. Afterall, many of these villages have been by the river for long periods of time and their very existence depends on the purity of the water be it for washing or fishing.
The large industries on the other hand seeks the most cost effective way to dispose of their rubbish, or cool their machines which results in pollution and higher water temperature that can annihilate the wildlife dependent on the water.
In addition, I think defforestation due to the insatiable demand for lumber is also a major cause of pollution as unprotected topsoil get abluded down into the river resulting in algae blooms (imagine laterite exposed in vast quantity in your planted tank! )
lastly, the question on animal farts and poos, i think there is a small element of truth. afterall, fart is essentially methane apprarently and dung can be used as fuel, so i guess it does contribute to pollution!
I am indeed concern about the many dam projects built high upstream. the various nations where the river flows through ought to have some agreement and due consideration for each other when making such drastic decisions as to build a dam.
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do not do to others what you will not want done to you!
be kind! =)
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