Green water is usually due to too much excess light and excess nutrients and not enough plants to use them up, then green water becomes the dominant algae and blooms.
It usually occurs in outdoor ponds which are under direct sunlight, but can also occur in aquariums with bright lights (or exposure to sunlight) and lots of excess nutrients.
The green water itself doesn't directly harm livestock in a tank, but it can block out light from other plants in the tank and just looks unsightly. On the otherhand, green water is great for growing fish fry and algae eaters or filter feeders (its like they are literally swimming in food).
You can get rid of green water by reducing the light intensity and photoperiod, do more water changes to reduce the excess nutrients, plant alot more fast growing plants (fill up the entire tank with plants, not just a few sparse patches)... once the plants grow well and are able to efficiently outcompete algae, the green water will gradually disappear and it'll naturally stay clear.
The other alternative is to use a UV sterilizer to process and kill the suspended green water algae, this will work quickly but if the original causes are not solved (ie. excess light/nutrients, not enough plants), the green water issue will still always be present and you'll end up being over reliant on having to use the UV sterilizer all the time.
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