Been searching around (yeah, I'm goofing off in the office):
1. The light output is the more or less the same watt for watt no matter what tube you use, T12, T8, T5 or PL. The difference is the amount of watts output per cm. So effectively you can use less tubes and less space.
E.g. a 4ft T8 FL gives you only 36W, whereas a 4ft T5 FL gives you 54W.
E.g. You only need 6x54W T5 instead of 9x36W T8 (or 36W PLs) to get about 3 WPG of light over a 4'x2'x2' (114USG) tank.
2. T5s have better reflectors made for them. Also being thinner, they block less of the reflected light. Such reflectors are hard to find for T12, T8 and PL lamps. If you get good reflectors, you can get up to 90% extra light (vs no reflectors). The other tubes are thicker and tend to block a good portion of the reflected light.
So, if you get T5 lighting and do not get good reflectors for them, you are gaining very little advantage against the other tubes.
According to this info, you can also get away with less WPG for T5s if you get good reflectors. So instead of the 6x54W in the above example, you could use only 4x54W and still effectively get more light into the tank then the 10x36W PLs.
It is also with effective reflectors that the T5s are able to cut deeper into the water then the other tubes.
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