Generally not too well. CO2 is needed for photosynthesis. Carbon replacement from carbonates or SF Excel can help but the growth would be slooow or not vigorous. So far IME most bryophtes and some plants like Ceratophyllum demersum[hornwort] can do well in non CO2. Echinodorus will shrink and or start sending out leaves out of the water in non CO2.









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Hidden gem indeed.


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